Lithium-ion batteries lead the market for portable electronics due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. However, the demand for lithium-ion batteries in emerging applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage has placed increased pressure on the supply chain of essential battery materials.

Understanding our environment around us hinges on grasping the fundamental principles of matter's structure. Every material is composed of unique atoms organized in specific arrangements. These atoms interact through interactions, producing entirely different materials. By analyzing these processes, we can unravel the nuances of chemical systems.

Chemical formation is a cornerstone of modern life. From the medications that alleviate disease to the materials that build our environment, chemical processes are vital to our well-being. Through the deliberate manipulation of atoms and units, chemists construct a extensive range of substances that influence our world. Leveraging the synthetic man